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CCTV stands for Closed Circuit Television, it is called this as unlike television it is not openly transmitted, it is built within a “closed circuit”.

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras can produce images or recordings for surveillance purposes, and can be either video cameras, or digital stills cameras.
Video cameras are either analogue or digital, which means that they work on the basis of sending analogue or digital signals to a storage device such as a video tape recorder or desktop computer or laptop computer.
A modern CCTV System consists of CCTV cameras, CCTV Recorder (aka Digital Video Recorder, or DVR for short), a display monitor and of course all these need to be connected together using cabling & accessories. CCTV was developed and is still used primarily for surveillance/security of property, commercial and domestic, however it is being utilized for many other reasons such as health & safety, sports activity recording, factory/industrial production monitoring and even bird watching.